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Cataract is a disease when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cloudy. This condition does not seem bothersome at first, but over time the eyes become blurry, affecting the clarity of vision. Sufferers will find vision begins to blur like a foggy window.
This condition is certainly very disturbing sufferers. Various daily activities will be disrupted, such as reading, driving, and other activities.
There are various visual disturbances that can be suffered by humans. Well, to determine whether the disorder is a cataract or not, here are some of the symptoms that are commonly felt:
- Blurred vision and looks like fog
- The view becomes double, so that it confuses the sufferer
- The patient sees a circle around the light
- There is a decrease in the quality of vision at night
- The size of the glasses changes so you have to change sizes often
- Colored objects around look fading
- Glare when looking at car headlights, the sun, or headlights.
If this condition has been felt, it is most likely because the eye has cataracts. If left for too long, the quality of vision will worsen, resulting in the patient not being able to carry out activities to the fullest.
The most common cause of this disorder is due to the aging process or trauma to the eye tissue. The aging process and trauma will result in changes in eye tissue.
While it is known that the lens of the eye consists of water and protein. As we age, cells tend to get thicker and more inflexible. So that the protein will accumulate causing clumps which over time will reduce the light that enters the retina.
The retina is a light-sensitive layer located at the back of the eye. When the retina gets less light, the clarity of vision will decrease. As a result, the view becomes blurry and not sharp.
The lens of the eye changes over time. Initially, it is brownish yellow in color and tends to get worse over time.
Cataract Risk Factors
Some of the factors that cause a person to experience this visual impairment, among others:
- Aging
- History of trauma
The lens of the eye that has experienced trauma, including hitting a ball, being hit by sparks from fireworks, entering sharp materials, will be more at risk of experiencing this disorder than eyes that have not experienced trauma.
- Taking certain drugs in the long term, such as amiodarone, corticosteroids, and others will more easily trigger this disorder.
- Have certain diseases
Diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypokalemia, and atopic dermatitis will further increase a person's risk of suffering from this visual impairment.
- The habit of smoking and consuming alcohol.
- Infection during pregnancy
Pregnant women who suffer from infections, especially rubella, will cause congenital cataracts in children born.
- Too long exposure to the sun
- Family history (genetic factors)
- History of eye surgery
- Exposure to toxins or toxins
Diagnosis
The diagnosis process is carried out by conducting a medical interview, a complete eye examination including an examination of the visual field, an examination of eye lens opacities (shadow test), and an examination of visual acuity. If necessary, there is additional examination using a slit lamp and ophthalmoscopy examination in the retina area, if there is suspicion of other organ disorders in the eye.
Prevention
Some things that can be done as a preventive measure, include:
- Use protective glasses from ultraviolet rays, both UVA and UVB
- Regular eye exams at an ophthalmologist
- Maintain normal sugar levels, especially in diabetics
- Reduce driving activity at night
- Improve the quality of lighting at home
- Use a magnifying glass when reading
If you experience the above symptoms, be sure to immediately consult an ophthalmologist. If cataracts are treated properly, of course, you will get better quality of vision again.
